Since the launch of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in 2009, scams have become rampant and have evolved far beyond regular phishing emails or fake giveaways that we are accustomed to. Even “big companies” and “projects” have become partners in rugpulls.
Today, crypto scams are carried out through sophisticated social engineering attacks that use the cloned versions of legitimate platforms, through romance, and even professional-grade deception, all designed to exploit the trust of victims.
At UPay, we have carefully reviewed and documented 236 of the top crypto scam cases, indicating that losses already exceed $60 billion, not accounting for all.
Our analysis of 236 documented cases reveals the staggering scale of crypto scams:
Based on our extensive data, we have gathered in this crypto scams report, scammers have taken up different methods to defraud their victims. Here are some of the most frequently recurring scam formats that you should know about.
Scammers spend weeks or months grooming victims through fake romantic or friendly relationships, usually initiated over social media or messaging apps like WhatsApp or Line Chat. They introduce victims to fake crypto platforms that show inflated balances and allow small early withdrawals to build trust.
Eventually, victims are blocked when attempting large withdrawals and pressured to pay “taxes” or “identity verification” fees. One victim lost over $500,000 from her IRA and retirement savings to a scam site, coinworldage.com, believing her balance had reached $1.2 million before everything vanished.
These scams impersonate trusted companies like NYMEX, Coinbase, or Andreessen Horowitz using polished websites with lookalike domains (e.g., hkselead.com, vexjex.cc) and fake customer support via Gmail or Telegram. They lure victims to invest by faking credibility through professional interfaces and fake affiliations.
A California man lost $650,000 after being duped by a scammer named “Hao Yang” who posed as a NYMEX trader. The fake platform showed him a $10 million balance, but when he attempted withdrawal, all communication ceased, and the site disappeared.
Victims are shown fake winnings or large trading profits and then told they must pay “release fees” such as taxes, AML verification, or risk deposits to access the funds. These demands are designed to drain more money before the scammer vanishes.
One user on hkselead.com lost $2.9 million after being asked to pay a $1.5 million tax fee. Another victim on vexjex.cc lost $1.5 million after multiple frozen-account demands totaling hundreds of thousands in fake fees.
Scammers present themselves as experienced investment coaches or crypto traders, often sharing fake screenshots of successful trades to gain credibility. They convince victims to open accounts or hand over wallet credentials under the promise of high returns.
A man lost $92,000 to scammers posing as “Mr. Charlie” and “Tina” from a fake firm called Fitbela Epro Limited. After showing his account had supposedly grown to $200,000, they demanded an $87,000 “tax” fee to withdraw funds, and then disappeared.
Scammers create deceptive decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms that mimic legitimate protocols, often showing fake profits or dashboard balances to lure users into reinvesting. These sites may use unverified smart contracts and shady backend operations.
In one case, a victim deposited $100,000 into crm.stunwill.com via MetaTrader 5, thinking he had gained $1.5 million. But when he attempted to withdraw, he was told to pay a $300,000 “risk deposit” and $100,000 penalty, resulting in a $400,000 loss.
Rug pulls involve developers hyping a crypto or NFT project, attracting investment through token sales or mints, and then disappearing with the funds. These scams often use influencer marketing or celebrity endorsements to appear credible.
Our report recorded 31 rug pulls with losses exceeding $100 million. One major example is Bored Bunny, an NFT project promoted by Floyd Mayweather and Jake Paul that raised $21.1 million before the anonymous team vanished, leaving investors with worthless assets.
Use the table below to explore real case summaries.
| Exchange/Platform | Scam Type | Red Flag(s) | Potential Lost Funds | Read More |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fitbela.org, fitbelaepro.com.tw, fitbela.com, fitbela.xyz | Forex Trading Scam | - Unverifiable individuals. - Unrealistic and rapid account growth. - Tax requirement before withdrawal. | $92,000 | View |
| a16zcrypto.cc, a16zcrypto.buzz | Crypto trading scam, impersonation of Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) | - Claims of penalties or investigations blocking withdrawals. - Sudden communication drop-offs. | $280,100 | View |
| antrush.com | Romance Scam | - Fake screenshots to build trust. - Claims of high profits with little trading experience. - Long, vague verification delays. | $76,000 | View |
| apexelitetrades.net | Bitcoin Investment Scam | - Guaranteed short-term profits with no transparency. - Constant introduction of new fees. - Use of separate Bitcoin addresses for different payments. | $14,000 | View |
| api.scbtrader.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform. | - Demanded additional payments for taxes, and blocked the victim upon refusal to pay more. | $24,000 plus taxes | View |
| asproex.com | Romance Scam, Fake Crypto Investment Platform, Node Trading Fraud | - Unverified trading platform. - Suspiciously high returns. - Pressure to lock funds. | $30,000 | View |
| Bakktunt.com, Bakktexe.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Tax excuses. - Recycled fake profiles, and shuttered websites. | $71,000 | View |
| bcgmts.vip, bcgros.vip, bcgmnt.vip | Pig Butchering Romance Scam | - Constant demands for new fees before allowing withdrawals. - Sudden changes in wallet addresses. - Bogus identity verification charges. | $750,000 | View |
| bitcoinified.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | Requiring fees to unlock withdrawals and abrupt site shutdown. | $70,000 | View |
| bitstackoption.com | Impersonation | - Reporting large, fake account balances to bait further investment. - Demanding fees via Bitcoin ATM that could not be deducted from withdrawals. | $19,500+ | View |
| ceggcc.vip | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fake Crypto Investment Platform | - Switching between messaging apps. - Fake trading gains. - Escalating requests for funds, and withdrawal blockage. | $400,000+ | View |
| cglobalw.com, coinw.top | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Impersonating CoinW, and site disappearance post-loss. | $45,000 | View |
| changellytrade.com | Crypto Options Trading Scam (Impersonating Changelly) | - Blocking of account access right when the victim attempted to withdraw the full amount. - Demands for additional fees to reactivate the account. | $1,200,000 | View |
| Claimed to be NYMEX | Crypto Investment Scam Impersonating the New York Mercantile Exchange | - Impersonatiion of NYMEX. - No actual website or public support channel. - Unrealistic account growth ($650,000 to $10 million). | $650,000 | View |
| cmecrypto.com, cme886.cuz, cmebuy.com, xcmerde3.top | Investment Scam Impersonating CME Group | - Sudden tax demand after showing huge fake profits. - Pressure tactics and penalties if payment wasn’t made. | $60,000+ | View |
| coinbasetv.com | Romance Scam | - Fake asset displays to build trust. - Massive fund transfers under the pretense of “testing” the platform. - Withdrawal blocked unless a fee is paid upfront. - Threats of legal action to force payments. - Encouragement to take out loans for scam fees. | $280,000 | View |
| coindcx.win | Crypto Investment Scam. | - Fake trial account showing guaranteed profits. - Sudden account freeze preventing larger withdrawals. - Demands for additional deposits to unlock funds. | $87,000 | View |
| coinftx.io | Cryptocurrency Investment Scam | - Claims of guaranteed profits through coordinated trades. - Inability to withdraw funds despite a large account balance. - Disappearance or silence after the victim tried to access her money. | $50,000 | View |
| coinhakoxds.com | Romance Scam, Investment Scam, Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform, Brand Impersonation | - Unverified third-party wallet setup. - Sudden demands for large deposits to "unlock" withdrawals. - Repeated freezing of funds. | $750,000 | View |
| coinrus.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Brand Impersonation | - Fake personal stories. - Rapid profit claims. - Fabricated taxes and threats of insider trading violations. - Fake customer service. | $391,000 | View |
| coinworldage.com, coinworldlin.com | High-Stakes Crypto Investment Scam with Identity Theft and Account Freezing Ransom | - High-pressure encouragement to invest life savings and borrow funds. - Unrealistic account balances over $1 million. - Account freezing with ransom demands to deposit large percentages of supposed profits. - Identity theft involving phone number and email account takeover. - Unauthorized attempts to access bank accounts. | $1,200,000 | View |
| crm.stunwill.com | Online Trading Platform Scam | - Sudden demand for a $300,000 “risk deposit” to release supposed profits. - Failure to deliver funds after promised timeline. - Introduction of an additional $100,000 penalty after the initial payment, clearly exposing the scam. | $400,000 | View |
| cryptocurrencybtx.com, cryptocurrencybitcore.com | Crypto Investment Scam. | - Large upfront tax demand to unlock withdrawals. - Sudden accusations of illegal activity like money laundering. - High “risk hedge” payment tied to inflated account balance with a two-day deadline. | $129,000 | View |
| cyruptagdfx.top | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Sketchy platform redirects. - Relentless fee demands. - Legal intimidation. | $328,600+ | View |
| daoftxdex.com | Crypto Investment Scam (Impersonation & Fake Exchange) | - The site demanded multiple upfront fees supposedly related to taxes, service charges, address verification, and account re-verification before releasing funds. - The continuous freezing and unfreezing of the account with new payments demanded every time was suspicious. - The scammer’s claim that the victim’s credit score needed a $40,000 fix, plus further huge fees to unfreeze the account, was a blatant ploy. - The victim being asked to repay an installment due to time zone confusion was a clear manipulation tactic to keep the money flowing. | $600,000+ | View |
| dapps-eth.io | DeFi Futures Trading Scam Using False AML Protocols | - Withdrawal tied to unverifiable AML rules. - Forced “recharge” payments. - Unknown third-party regulators. - Platform blocking withdrawals while encouraging continued trading. | $325,000 | View |
| defi.wallet-usdt-eth.com, defi.wallet-usdt-erc20.com | Romance Scam, Fake Crypto Mining Platform, DeFi Investment Fraud | - Unrealistic and daily fixed returns. - Forced wallet linking to unverified platforms, and increasing withdrawal fees. | $58,000 | View |
| Dilong Trading Limited, Affirm Rich Trading Company Limited | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unsolicited online contact. - Use of MetaTrader 5 for transfers. | $120,000 | View |
| drwaps.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unsolicited contact. - Claims of guaranteed profits. - Sudden withdrawal freeze, and tax demands that had to be paid externally. | $30,000 | View |
| energisetrade.com | Romance/Trust-Based Scam, Pig Butchering, Fake Crypto Trading Platform | - Tax demands before withdrawals, using someone else’s ID number excuse. - Credit score claims tied to withdrawals, and requests for more deposits. | $203,900 | View |
| Entity Impersonating Singapore International Monetary Exchange Limited (SIMEX/SGX) | Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Impersonation of a legitimate exchange. - Unusual “configuration profile” download. - Allowing small withdrawals but blocking large ones. | $480,000 | View |
| eth-finance.io | Crypto Options Trading Scam | - Pressure to keep adding funds (including loans). - Telegram-only support. - Tax payment demands before withdrawal,. - Fake CEO with a suspicious title. | $165,287 | View |
| eth-wintermute.net | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Rapid profit claims. - Escrow contract pressure. - Large withdrawal deposit demands. | $130,000 | View |
| file-coinfo.com | Investment Fraud, Impersonation Scam, Fake Bitcoin Trading Platform | - Unsolicited crypto investment pitch. - Unverified trading platform. - Refusal to deduct “taxes” from profits. - Massive gains with no transparency. | $58,130 | View |
| foundrypro.net | Fake Node Mining Scam with Withdrawals Blocked via Fabricated Fees and Account Freezes | - Withdrawal delays tied to made-up fees. - Fake mining terminology and unverifiable people. - Disappearing support after large transfer attempt. - False confirmation of a $1M transfer to Binance. | $2,000,000+ | View |
| fx-yongying.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unsolicited contact. - Unverifiable platform. - Account lockouts. - Demands for tax payments, and blocking communication. | $450,000 | View |
| helius.pro | Romance-Fueled Crypto Investment and Fake Trading Platform. | - Sudden switch to a private investment platform allegedly owned by the scammer’s family. - The appearance of a large, unrealistic balance used to keep the victim hopeful. - Unfulfilled promises of maintenance. | $30,000+ | View |
| HGEex.com | Investment Scam | - Being contacted through a messaging app by someone claiming to make profits and needing help to trade. - The demand to pay a large personal income tax based on fake profits. - The sudden freezing of the account to prevent withdrawals. | $20,000+ | View |
| hkselead.com | Pig Butchering Scam, Impersonation of Legitimate Companies, Fake Trading Platform | - Unsolicited investment offer on Facebook. - Use of WhatsApp for customer support. | $2,900,000 | View |
| http://www.kubhc.vip, https://www.kubkhy.vip/download | Romance Scam, Investment Scam, Fake Crypto Trading App, Brand Impersonation | - Unsolicited contact. - Non-official app downloads. - High-pressure trading promises,. - Unknown tax fees to unlock funds. | $45,000 | View |
| https://GEChains.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Aggressive deposit demands. - Account suspension, demanding commission and tax fees. - Legal threats. | $15,600 | View |
| https://kacofinance.io | Pig Butchering Scam and Fraudulent Trading Platform. | - Multiple escalating fees (repayment, taxes, ACH). | $226,000 | View |
| https://marketcap.cc/mobile | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, and Fraudulent Trading Platform. | - Unverifiable “expert” involvement. - Large tax demands for withdrawal. | $200,000 | View |
| https://obgfx.cc | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Sky-high profit claims. - Avoidance of face-to-face contact. - Layered fees like taxes and “spread fees.” | $245,000+ | View |
| https://penzolead.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unsolicited contact. - Exaggerated demo profits. - Blaming victim for fake losses. | $10,000 | View |
| https://rakutenetopd.com/h5 | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Impersonating a legitimate company. - Moving to unofficial platforms like WhatsApp. - Demanding sensitive personal info. - Large upfront tax demands, and refusal to deduct or cancel withdrawals. | $1,000,000+ | View |
| https://rbhoodc.com, rbhoodz.com, rbhoodd.xyz | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Impersonating a Robinhood entity. - Frequent website name changes. - Pressure for loans, and upfront tax demands for withdrawals. | $23,000 | View |
| https://VoyanX.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Advance Fee Scam | - Insider trading claims. - High transfer/ID fees. - Intimidation for loans, and account hacking. | $42,000 | View |
| https://www.coinmicro.org | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | Moving to WhatsApp, promises of easy profits, upfront tax demands for withdrawals, and unverifiable platform. | $230,000 | View |
| https://www.dcex-exchange.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Large unverifiable account balance and freezing of funds. - Demanding substantial fees for “verification” of non-laundered funds. | $1,355,000 | View |
| https://www.InfinityOption.net | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Unsolicited trading offer. - Demands for more money. - Threats to block fund recovery. | $18,000 | View |
| https://www.mu-fgpro.info, Mufg-Pro.com | Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Moved communications to WhatsApp. - Multiple large fees (taxes, unfreeze, third-party). - Persistent demands despite payments. | $77,000+ | View |
| https://www.tonyalinberker.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - False promise of no fees. - Escalating fee demands. - Uunfulfilled high-return promises. | $73,100 | View |
| https://www.unisonfx.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Insider trading claims. - Rapid account growth. - Account hacking. | $230,000 | View |
| https://zcorg01.com, https://FTXbuy66.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Promises of high returns. - Large upfront tax demands. - Additional fees for delays, and persistent demands for more money despite non-delivery. | $525,000 | View |
| hydefieco.com | Crypto Investment Scam | - Extremely large initial investment with vague rewards. - Direct wallet theft after initial investment. - Follow-up demand for an even bigger sum to “recover” already lost money. | $290,000 | View |
| icexas.com, iceax.com, icextee.top, icetrad.cc | Crypto Investment Scam Potentially Impersonating Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) | - Use of multiple fake websites mimicking a well-known financial institution. - Fabricated fees required to withdraw funds. - Disappearing websites and total communication cut-off once the victims complied. - Coordinated manipulation via social media. | $154,000 | View |
| kenskrksr.com | Romance Scam, AI Trading Scam, Fake Investment Platform | - Tax demands for withdrawals. - Repeated payment requests after freezing funds. | $36,000+ | View |
| lidcoin.com, h5.lidcoin.vip | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Initial withdrawals to feign legitimacy. - Locked funds. | $25,000 | View |
| liquldohn.com/h5 | Pig Butchering Scam, Romance/Trust Exploitation, Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform | - Investment advice through personal social media outreach. - Unrealistic profit claims. - Demand for more funds to unfreeze withdrawals. | $930,000 | View |
| Loomoptionsmarket.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Dubious “expert” credentials. - Inflated profit claims. - Endless fee requirements. | $400,000 | View |
| manapool-eth.com, manapool-eth.info/# | Decentralized Crypto Trading Scam Masquerading as Legit Platform with Repeated Payout Barriers | - Massive, layered withdrawal charges with no end in sight. - Absurd fees labeled vaguely (e.g. platform charge, margin deposit). - Compatibility with Coinbase wallet used as a cover for legitimacy. - Use of intimidation tactics when delays were questioned. | $1,600,000+ | View |
| Micavhe.top | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Piling on layered fees. - Abrupt site closures. | $263,047 | View |
| mindstoneltd.org | Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform | - No refund received despite confirmation. - Website no longer accessible. - Zero transparency or customer support. | $91,000 | View |
| moodyfx.com | Romance/Trust Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform | - Too-good-to-be-true trading profits. - Fabricated security and tax demands. - Unfulfilled withdrawal promises. | $740,000 | View |
| No specific website listed; scam conducted via Discord and malicious .exe file. | Technical Support Scam, Crypto Wallet Theft, Social Engineering | - Unsolicited direct message on Discord. - Use of an .exe file from an unverified source. - Immediate loss of wallet funds after file execution. | $50,000+ | View |
| rapidforextrade.com | Crypto Mining Investment Scam with Fake Broker Support and Withdrawal Blocks | - Communication only through WhatsApp. - Constant stalling tactics around withdrawals. - Sudden fee threats and urgency. | $13,700 | View |
| rudolfstarkeps.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform. | - Demand for upfront tax payment. - Unfulfilled withdrawal promises. - Unresponsive customer service. | $38,000 | View |
| Rui Win Capitals LTD | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unverifiable profits. - Multiple fee demands (tax, VIP). - Platform “shutdown,” and scammer’s jail excuse. | $1,000,000 | View |
| spotalertweb.com | Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform, Wallet Draining Scam | - Withdrawal blocked without clear reason. - Demand for extra funds to process withdrawal. | $85,000 | View |
| sswapep.vip | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, and Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Romantic manipulation. - Fake platform with artificial profits. - Excuses to avoid meeting - Demand for withdrawal fees. | $40,000 | View |
| sundell-fx.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Identity Theft Risk | - Fake licensing claims. - Impossible profit growth. - Upfront tax payments from external sources. - Threats and sudden account deletions. | $491,000+ | View |
| tahoe-dex.com/dist | Romance-Driven Crypto Investment Scam with Fake Tax and Unlock Fees | - Sudden claims of massive profit. - Repeated demands for more money disguised as tax or release fees. | $84,000 | View |
| tesbtcinge.com | Romance-Linked Cryptocurrency Investment Scam with Fake Balances and Withdrawal Block | - Building a romantic relationship to gain trust, then pushing for investment. - Using only chatbot communication with no real human support. - Claiming withdrawal is blocked due to “rule violations” and demanding a deposit equal to the balance to unlock funds. | $16,000 | View |
| trader.bfy-c.co | Romance-Driven Investment Scam | - Platform showing inflated profits followed by sudden tax demands. - Complete loss of access to funds after refusal to pay more. | $120,000+ | View |
| tyshw.com | Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform, Investment Scam | - Unverified trading platform. - Promises of large gains and demanded upfront tax demand before withdrawal. | $45,000 | View |
| unifxtrades.live | Romance/Trust Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unrealistic promises of profits. - Demand for external commission payments. - Refusal to release funds without more deposits repeatedly. | $10,000+ | View |
| uniswap.llc | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Promising risk-free returns in U.S. dollars. - Flagging wallet as “abnormal,” and requiring additional funds to unlock withdrawals. | $14,000 | View |
| Vexjex.cc | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Random text outreach. - Baseless money laundering claims. - Exorbitant unfreeze fee, and site closure. | $1,500,000+ | View |
| whitcoinpro.net | Fraudulent Crypto Trading Platform, Impersonation, Extortion Scam | - Unverifiable platform. - Sudden accusations of crime. - Customer support demanding money for recovery. | $500,000+ | View |
| wincoining.com | Pig Butchering Scam, Investment Fraud, Fake Crypto Trading Platform | - Forced urgency with daily fees. - Suspiciously high returns without verification. | $474,000 | View |
| wmt-exchange.org | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Random Instagram outreach with a quick pivot to WhatsApp. - Wild profit claims. - Urging use of retirement savings. | $300,000+ | View |
| www.bitso-crypto.top | Crypto Investment Scam, Fake Trading Platform | - Unsolicited Telegram contact. - Unregulated platform. - Pay-to-unlock demand. | $50,000+ | View |
| good-bookingline.com | Advance Fee Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Cold-text recruitment. - Obscure “ghost booking” concept. - Sudden negative balance claims, and refusal to release funds. | $30,000+ | View |
| darwave.com | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Cold Instagram outreach. with a quick shift to WhatsApp. - Inflated account balances and tax fee excuses. | $38,000 | View |
| primegroup.global | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Bogus social media ad and impersonation of a legitimate firm. - Reliance on WhatsApp, and abrupt advisor silence. | $28,714 | View |
| Turtsgrupfk.top | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Unexplained balance halving. - Ambiguous “abnormal withdrawal” claims. - Aggressive demands for more funds to unlock account. | $15,000 | View |
| Whitemax.us, Whitemaxus.com, Whitemaxud.com, Mercatox | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Flimsy “large transaction” and “slow network” pretexts. - Exorbitant deposit demands and ghosting by support. | $500,000+ | View |
| Publicrealm.pro | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Advance Fee Scam | - Account freezes and hacker claims. - Fake recovery offers with fees. | $183,000 | View |
| youbitpro.me | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam | - Fake profit displays and network maintenance delays. - Disabled accounts, vague asset transfer claims. - Platform tax demands and suspicious wallet addresses. | $261,000 | View |
| digicoins.cc | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Advance Fee Scam | - Group manipulation claims. - Sudden account freezes and external wallet transfers. - Maintenance excuses. | $147,686 | View |
| bravaofx.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Inability to access or withdraw funds. - Lack of transparency, and website disappearance. | $18,670 | View |
| bippax.com, elwallets.com, Bip_Pax Pro | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering Scam, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Took employee credentials. - Commission and collateral demands. - Account review excuses | $55,000 | View |
| itexustrade.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering Scam, Imposter Scam | - Stolen broker credentials. - Exaggerated profit displays. - High withdrawal fees and sudden website shutdown. | $590,000 | View |
| fidefx.cc/h5, fidefx.cc | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering Scam | - Tax and deposit demands. - Inexplainable blockchain excuses. | $608,000 | View |
| https://haruinvest.com/ | Fraudulent Crypto Investment Platform | - Unrealistic APR promises. - Sudden withdrawal freeze. | 5 BTC (value at loss not specified) | View |
| https://m.invastfex.cc/#/ | Romance Scam, Pig Butchering, Signal Selling, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unrealistic trading returns. - Large upfront tax/fees. - Platform asks for more money on withdrawal. | $340,000+ | View |
| https://aex.lol/trade/login.html | Fake Trading Platform, Impersonation of Legitimate Exchange | - Fake mentorship programs. - Forced payment of fees before withdrawal. | $50,000+ | View |
| https://dailyharvestltd.com/en | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering, Imposter Scam, Signal Selling Scam | - False regulatory credentials. - Urgent withdrawal warning. - Communication breakdowns. | $50,000+ | View |
| https://www.ajcoins.com/#/home | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Signal Selling Scam | - Disappearing group chats. - Inaccessible customer support. - Malfunctioning app. | $249,000+ | |
| https://cointiger.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Multiple fees before withdrawal. | $35,444 | View |
| Phemex.cyou, Phemex.icu (not affiliated with https://phemex.com) | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering, Imposter Scam | - Fake app. - Tax payment demand from outside platform. | $52,000 | View |
| https://www.coinbitjzsc.top/#/, www.coinbitjszc.top | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering, Signal Selling Scam | - Fee threats and inflated earnings claims. | $237,000+ | View |
| https://pbity.com | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering, Imposter Scam, Investment Group Scam | - Fake group chats. - ICO pump and dump. | $600,000 | View |
| ren.digl.live | Phishing Scam, Imposter Scam | - Unsolicited help via Discord. - Request for seed phrase. - Multiple error prompts to retry. | $100,000+ | View |
| https://pc.coincap.market/#/home | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering Scam | - Fake CoinMarketCap branding. - Tax demand for withdrawal. | $60,000 | View |
| https://m.kngworld.com/h5/#/ | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pig Butchering Scam | - Unlicensed exchange. - No response from platform. | $20,000 | View |
| http://silkglobaltop.com/ | Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Tax-for-withdrawal scam. - Promise of unrealistic profits. - Sudden silence from platform. | $400,000 | View |
| https://crypto4winners.com/ | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Liquidity Mining Scam | - Blocked withdrawals. - Suspicious Telegram updates. | $16,000+ | View |
| http://www.enw.cc | Fraudulent Trading Platform & Pig Butchering Scam | - Pressure for larger investments. - Trade requirements for withdrawal. - Inexistent support. | $70,000 | View |
| https://ftx.com (Formerly legitimate but collapsed) | Fraud and Mismanagement & Ponzi Scheme Allegations | - Unverified financials. - Tight ties to Alameda. - Whistleblower warnings. | Estimated $8 billion missing; ~$16 billion recovered | View |
| SQUID Token Rug Pull | Rug Pull Scam, Fake Token Scheme | - Fake endorsements. - Sell-lock on token. - No audited contracts. - Poor white paper. | ~$19,300,000 | View |
| Bitcoin Savings and Trust (BST) | Ponzi Scheme, Unregistered Securities Offering | - Promises of 7% weekly returns. - No public-facing team or business registration. - Lack of external audit or transparency. | Approximately 4,500,000 BTC | View |
| ZigGap | Exit Scam / Fraudulent Investment Service | - Sudden disappearance of the operator. - Lack of transparency as the business faltered. - Unusual personal behavior reported by community members. | Approximately 1708.66 BTC | View |
| Cryptsy | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Imposter Scam, Computer Fraud, Money Laundering, Tax Evasion | - Concealed $5 million hack. - Continued operations without disclosure. - Destroyed customer database. | $6,000,000 | View |
| Ufun (UToken) & MyCoin | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Non-existent or unverified currencies. | Ufun: $1.13B; MyCoin: Up to $387M | View |
| OneCoin (OneCoin Ltd., OnePayments Ltd., OneNetwork Services Ltd., OneAcademy, OneLife) | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Multi-Level Marketing Scam | - Non-existent blockchain. - Fake mining claims. - Manual price manipulation. - Fugitive leadership. | $4,000,000,000+ | View |
| BTC-e (a/k/a Canton Business Corporation) | Money Laundering, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Lack of AML/KYC policies. - Connections to Mt. Gox and Liberty Reserve. - Unregistered MSB operations. - Overt criminal facilitation. | $121,000,000+ | View |
| Control-Finance Limited | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, Pyramid Scheme | - Unrealistic profit guarantees. - Fabricated trading reports. - Opaque fund handling. | $147,000,000 | View |
| PlexCorps (PlexCoin) | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - Unrealistic return promises. - Concealed leadership. -No operational backing. | $15,000,000 | View |
| Centra Tech | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - False product claims and lack of operational products. - Exaggerated promotional promises. | $25,000,000 | View |
| PonziCoin | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - Overt Ponzi declaration. - Vague algorithm details. - SEC ticker provocation. | Unknown (reportedly $250,000) | View |
| Arbix Finance | Rug Pull, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Unverified pools. - Unauthorized token minting and rug pull post-audit. | $10,000,000 | View |
| Dropil | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - Unregistered ICO. - Exaggerated profitability. - False investor metrics. | $1,900,000 | View |
| Giza | Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - Fake COO. - Supplier fallout. - Rapid fund drainage post-ICO. | $2,400,000+ | View |
| GainBitcoin | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, MLM Fraud | - MLM structure. - Promised unrealistic returns. - Shift to low-value MCAP tokens. | ₹6,606 crore (~$800M) | View |
| Modern Tech (PinCoin and iFan) | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - High return promises. - Lack of regulatory oversight and delayed payouts. | $658,000,000 | View |
| Titanium Blockchain (TBIS) | Fraudulent Trading Platform, ICO Fraud | - Unregistered ICO. - Fake partnerships. - Fabricated success claims. | $21,000,000 | View |
| NVO | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Lack of operational details. - No updates. - Sudden disappearance. | $8,000,000 | View |
| CryptoKami | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Minimal transparency. - Lack of team details. | $12,000,000 | View |
| Puyin Blockchain Group (Puyin Coin) | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Unverified asset backing. - Aggressive marketing without substance. - Ties to other dubious projects. | $48,000,000 | View |
| Oyster Pearl | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam, Pump and Dump | - Hidden token minting. - Lack of transparency. - Sudden market crash. | $1,840,000 | View |
| Pure Bit | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Sudden fund transfer. - Website shutdown. - Anonymous team. | $2,800,000 | View |
| Quadriga | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - Lack of transparency. - Unregistered operations. - Sole control by Cotten. | $215,000,000 | View |
| My Big Coin | Fraudulent Trading Platform, Ponzi Scheme | - Misrepresentations about asset backing. - Fake partnerships. - Lack of regulatory registration. | $7,500,000 | View |
| Coin Signals | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Trading Platform | - False performance claims. - Lack of transparency. - Unrealistic promises. | $5,000,000 | View |
| JoyToken | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Non-payment of promoters. - Sudden dissolution. | $3,300,000 | View |
| RepuX | ICO Fraud, Exit Scam | - Non-payment of promoters. - Shared advisors with JoyToken. | $4,700,000 | View |
| Operation Egypto | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Investment | - Unrealistic return promises. - Lack of investment transparency. - Personal fund misuse. | $200000000+ | View |
| Bitsane | Exit Scam, Fraudulent Exchange | - Withdrawal failures. - Lack of communication. | Unknown (up to $150,000 per user) | View |
| TokenStore | Ponzi Scheme, Exit Scam | - High withdrawal fees. - Lack of blockchain transparency. - Sudden disappearance. | $160,000,000 | View |
| VaultAge Solutions | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Investment | - Unrealistic returns. - Low payout rates (1%). - Operator hiding. | $16,300,000 | View |
| BitClub Network | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Mining | - Inflated mining returns. - Lack of transparency. - Unregistered securities. | $722,000,000 | View |
| WoToken | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Platform | - High return promises. - Multi-level recruitment. - No real trading algorithm. | $1,100,000,000 | View |
| BitMarket | Exit Scam, Fraudulent Exchange | - Withdrawal failures. - Suspicious KYC changes. - Lack of communication. | $2,300,000 | View |
| PlusToken | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Wallet | - Unrealistic returns. - Aggressive recruitment - Withdrawal issues. - Lack of transparency. | $2,250,000,000 | View |
| Jose Coss (Coss Bookkeeping) | Accounting Fraud, Tax Scam | - False IRS debt claims. - Unauthorized financial activity. - Prior criminal history. | Turn on screen reader support2000000 | View |
| Yfdexf.Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Short-lived project. - Lack of transparency. - Deleted online presence. | $20,000,000 | View |
| Forsage | DeFi Ponzi/Pyramid Scheme | - High return promises. - Pyramid structure. - Poor payout rates. | $340,000,000 | View |
| Arbistar 2.0 | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Arbitrage | - Unrealistic returns. - Withdrawal restrictions. - Dark-net fund traces. | $1,000,000,000 | View |
| CBDAO | DeFi Exit Scam | - Backdoor in contract. | $1,060,000 | View |
| Forcount Trader Systems | Crypto Pyramid Scheme | - Unrealistic returns. - Pyramid structure. | $8,400,000 | View |
| SharkTron | DeFi Exit Scam | - Anonymous developer. - Rapid fund withdrawal. | $10,000,000 | View |
| CBEX | Ponzi Scheme, Fraudulent Exchange | - Unrealistic returns. - Brandjacking. - Fund movement via TRON. | Unknown | View |
| Compounder Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Post-audit contract changes. - Rapid fund withdrawal. | $10,800,000 | View |
| PopcornSwap | DeFi Exit Scam | - Backdoor in contract. - Instant rugpull signs. | $2,000,000 | View |
| TurtleDex | DeFi Exit Scam | Rapid fund withdrawal, deleted presence, and lack of transparency. | $2,400,000 | View |
| Ether Trade Asia | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic returns. - Technical withdrawal issues. - Operator criminal history. | $5,300,000 | View |
| Thodex | Fraudulent Exchange, Exit Scam | - Sudden collapse. - Operator disappearance. - Inflated asset claims. | $43,000,000 | View |
| Africrypt | Crypto Exit Scam | - Hack claims. - Fund laundering. - No legal recourse encouragement. | $3,600,000,000 | View |
| DeFi100 | Alleged Exit Scam/Hack | - Lack of clear communication. | $32,000,000 | View |
| Polywhale Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Rapid Treasury depletion. - Anonymous team. | $1,000,000 | View |
| GPay | Fraudulent Crypto Exchange | - False endorsements. - Withdrawal restrictions. | $1,840,000 | View |
| WhaleFarm | DeFi Exit Scam | - Exaggerated APY. - Anonymous team. | $2,300,000 | View |
| StableMagnet | DeFi Exit Scam | - Unverified library code. - Incomplete audit. - Unlimited token approvals. | $27,000,000 | View |
| Shenzhen Shikongyun Technology | Crypto Pyramid Scheme | - Pyramid structure. - Unrealistic mining returns. - Regulatory evasion. | $91,500,000 | View |
| Luna Yield (Terra/UST) | Algorithmic Stablecoin Collapse | - Unsustainable yields. - Algorithmic instability. | $40,000,000,000 | View |
| Finiko | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic returns. - Sudden payment halts. | $1,100,000,000 | View |
| BitConnect | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic returns. - Regulatory evasion. | $2,400,000,000 | View |
| AFK System Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Anonymous team. - Canceled audit. - Unverified contracts. - Tornado Cash use. | $12,000,000 | View |
| Baller Ape Club | NFT Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Rapid platform deletion. | $2,600,000 | View |
| Evolved Apes | NFT Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Unfulfilled game promises. | $2,000,000 | View |
| AnubisDAO | DeFi Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Rapid fund drain. - Lack of use case transparency. | $60,000,000 | View |
| EmpireX | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic returns. - Lack of SEC registration. - Vague technology claims. | $100,000,000 | View |
| Snowdog DAO | DeFi Rug Pull | - Hidden tokenomics. - Anonymous team. | $44,000,000 | View |
| MetaDAO | DeFi Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Exaggerated project claims. - Use of Tornado Cash. | $3,200,000 | View |
| Frosties | NFT Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Unfulfilled promises of giveaways and games. | $1,300,000 | View |
| Big Daddy Ape Club | NFT Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Imitative branding. - Verification bypass. | $1,300,000 | View |
| Morris Coin | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic daily returns. - Anonymous operations. | $150,000,000 | View |
| Bored Bunny | NFT Slow Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Linked to prior scams. | $21,100,000 | View |
| Solfire Finance | DeFi Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Use of Tornado Cash. | $3,000,000 | View |
| Blockverse | NFT Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Lack of verifiable game progress. | $1,200,000 | View |
| Swipa The Fox | NFT Rug Pull | - Celebrity-led without execution. - Unfulfilled promises. | $1,500,000 | View |
| Titano Finance | NFT Rug Pull | - Unrealistic APY. - Anonymous team. | $1,900,000 | View |
| BNB42 | Rug Pull | - Unrealistic returns. - Unverified contracts. - Anonymous team. | $2,800,000 | View |
| Ormeus Coin | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Exaggerated mining claims. - MLM model. - Unverifiable assets. | $70,000,000 | View |
| Hamster Kombat | Airdrop Manipulation Scam | - Unrealistic price predictions. - Anonymous team. - Lack of tokenomics transparency. | No direct losses | View |
| CryptoDragons | NFT Rug Pull | - Technical issues. - Unfulfilled arena promises. - Anonymous team with ICO pivot. | $6,300,000 | View |
| SR Private Equity and NBD Eidetic Capital | Bitcoin Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic risk-free return claims. - Unverifiable fund operations. - Lavish spending. | $12,000,000 | View |
| BoneHeads | NFT Rug Pull | - Failure to deliver roadmap. - Anonymous team. - Fund misuse. | $3,100,000 | View |
| TeddyDoge (DRAC Network) | DeFi Rug Pull | - Developer-controlled liquidity. - Rapid token sales. | $4,500,000 | View |
| Raccoon Network (Freedom Protocol) | Crypto Scam | - Unaudited projects. - Exorbitant APY claims. - Anonymous teams. | $21,000,000 | View |
| OmegaPro | Crypto/Forex MLM Scam | - Unrealistic 300% returns. - Fake regulatory claims. - Inaccessible withdrawals. | $650,000,000 | View |
| Animoon | NFT Rug Pull | - Overpromising without roadmap. - Changing terms. - Anonymous team. | $6,300,000 | View |
| CoinDeal | Investment Fraud Scheme | - Fake acquisition claims. - Unverifiable contracts. - Personal fund misuse. | $55,000,000 | View |
| GPB Capital | Private Equity Fraud | - Misleading financials. - Lack of transparency. - Unsustainable payout promises. | $1,600,000,000 | View |
| EminiFX | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic 5-9.98% weekly returns. - Lack of trading evidence. - Targeted community appeals. | $262,500,000 | View |
| Mining Capital Coin | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic 1% daily returns. - Unverifiable mining network. - Lavish promoter incentives. | $62,000,000 | View |
| Forsage | DeFi Ponzi/Pyramid Scheme | - Over 80% investor loss rate. - Unverifiable smart contract payouts. - Anonymous founders. | $340,000,000 | View |
| Freeway | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic 43% yields. - Delayed withdrawals. - Lack of transparency. | $100,000,000+ | View |
| Mutant Ape Planet | NFT Rug Pull | - Unfulfilled NFT promises. - Anonymous developer. - Fund diversion. | $2,900,000 | View |
| Yield Robot | DeFi Exit Scam | - Centralized contract control. - Unverifiable coupons. - Deleted social media. | $2,100,000 | View |
| CirculateBUSD and CirculateWBNB | DeFi Exit Scam | - Unverified contracts. - Third-party dependencies. - Rapid fund bridging. | $2,500,000 | View |
| Kokomo Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Malicious contract upgrades. - Ice phishing approvals. - Deleted social media. | $4,500,000 | View |
| iEarn Bot | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Nonexistent legal entity. - Unrealistic bonuses. - MLM structure. | About $7Billion considering all investments are lost. | View |
| Friendsies | NFT Rug Pull | - Unfulfilled roadmap. - Deleted accounts. - Lack of community updates. | $5,300,000 | View |
| Merlin DEX | DeFi Rug Pull | - Centralized control risks flagged in audit. - Lack of team transparency. - Unverified identities. | $1,800,000 | View |
| Ordinance Finance | DeFi Rug Pull | - Centralized withdrawal functions. - Lack of transparency in team operations. | $1,000,000 | View |
| Blockchain For Dog Nose Wrinkles | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unverifiable product claims. - High-return promises. - Lack of regulatory oversight. | $127,000,000 | View |
| Ichioka Ventures | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Unrealistic return promises. - Falsified documents. - Lack of verifiable profits. | $61,000,000+ | View |
| Chibi Finance | DeFi Exit Scam | - Centralized contract control. - Unnverified contracts. | $1,000,000 | View |
| Morgan DF Fintoch | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - False affiliations. - Fake team identities. - Unverifiable profit claims. | $31,600,000 | View |
| XIRTAM | DeFi Rug Pull | - No KYC requirement. - Rapid fundraising followed by sudden withdrawals. - Lack of transparency in fund management. | $3,500,000 | View |
| Swaprum | DeFi Rug Pull | - CertiK audit flagged centralization risks. - Team refused KYC. - Rapid fund drainage followed by token value collapse. | $3,000,000 | View |
| IEGT | DeFi Exit Scam | - Unverified affiliations. - Massive token supply discrepancy. - Lack of direct token contract interaction. - Use of paid actors. | $1,100,000 | View |
| BALD | DeFi Rug Pull | - No UI or functional bridge. - Rapid value surge. - Links to questionable entities like Alameda Research. | $23,000,000 | View |
| Kannagi Finance | DeFi Rug Pull | - Unverified contract code. - Rapid TVL drainage. - Deletion of all project repositories. | $2,130,000 | View |
| DeFiLabs | DeFi Rug Pull | - Centralized backdoor function. - Deceptive communication. - Lack of decentralized governance. | $1,400,000 | View |
| Solar Techno Alliance (STA) Token | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - Fake blockchain service claims. - Involvement of trusted officials. - High-return promises. | $300,000,000 | View |
| Magnate Finance | DeFi Rug Pull | - Deployer’s history of rug pulls. - Centralized oracle control. | $6,400,000 | View |
| LayerZero | Phishing Scam | - Unofficial airdrop promotions. - Fake website mimicking official platform. - Lack of verification. | About $1,000,000 | View |
| JPEX | Crypto Fraud | - Unlicensed operation. - Lack of private key access for users. - Unverifiable cold wallet claims. | $205,000,000 | View |
| Safereum | DeFi Rug Pull | - Rapid token dump post-presale. - Influencer promotion without due diligence. | $1,870,000 | View |
| Lucky Star Currency (LSC) | DeFi Exit Scam | - Centralized contract control. - False hack narrative. | $1,100,000 | View |
| Safemoon | Crypto Ponzi Scheme | - False liquidity pool security claims. - Lack of utility. - Extravagant team spending. | $200,000,000+ | View |
| FSL Token (Standard Cross Finance) | DeFi Exit Scam | - Rebranded scam history. - Use of paid actors. - Rapid token dump post-launch. | $1,600,000 | View |
| StoicDAO | DeFi Rug Pull or Hack | - Lack of transparency on exploit details. - Sudden project shutdown. | $1,200,000 | View |
| BitForex | Crypto Exchange Rug Pull | - Unlicensed operations. - Inflated trading volumes. - Unresponsive customer support. | $56,500,000 | View |
| RiskOnBlast | DeFi Rug Pull | - Anonymous team. - Lack of due diligence by endorsers. | $1,260,000 | View |
| MangoFarmSOL | DeFi Exit Scam | - Influencer-driven hype. - Unverifiable airdrop promises. - Malicious frontend deployment. | $1,320,000 | View |
| XKingdom_Tech | DeFi Exit Scam | - Unverified contracts. - Centralized control via MINTER_ROLE. - Failed contract interactions. | $1,200,000 | View |
| Lena Network | DeFi Rug Pull | - Rapid fund drainage post-launch. - Lack of incident response. - Premature ownership renouncement. | $2,900,000 | View |
| OrdiZK | DeFi Exit Scam | - Unrealistic APR promises. - Rapid V2 migration. - Significant token dumps causing 98% slippage. | $1,400,000 | View |
| Gemholic | DeFi Rug Pull | - KYC provider silence. - Year-long refund deception. - Binance-funded deployer. | $3,500,000 | |
| ZKasino | DeFi Exit Scam | - False airdrop promises. - Fund conversion to native token. - Links to WhiteRock Finance. | $30,000,000 |
Disclaimer: This article is intended solely for informational purposes and should not be considered trading or investment advice. Nothing herein should be construed as financial, legal, or tax advice. Trading or investing in cryptocurrencies carries a considerable risk of financial loss. Always conduct due diligence before making any trading or investment decisions.
